害怕的;担心的;恐怕;畏惧,害怕;
afraid 后面可接动名词(其前加of),也可接动词不定式,一般说,这两种说法的意思没有多少区别。例如:
I'm afraid of flying〔to fly〕.我害怕坐飞机。
I'm afraid of diving〔to dive〕 into the swimming-pool.我不想在游泳池里跳水。
He is afraid to see〔of seeing〕 you again.他怕再见到你。
有时这两种说法在含义上有差别,例如:
She was afraid of waking her husband up.
她怕吵醒丈夫。
She was afraid to wake her husband up.
她不敢喊醒丈夫。
前者的含义是“她不想打扰他,可能因为他病了或累了,需要休息”,而后者的含义则是“她不敢喊醒他,怕他生气”。前者注意的是“无意的后果”,后者注意的则是“有意的行为”。
正是因为有上述差别,所以,当谈论那些我们自己并不希望也不能决定而突然降临到我们头上的事情时,只能用 v -ing形式,而不能用不定式。例如:
I'm afraid of crashing.我害怕撞车。
如果说 I'm afraid to crash,则意味着“我不敢撞车。”再如:“我们害怕被抢劫。”只能说We are afraid of being robbed.“我不爱讲法语,因为我怕讲错。”只能说I don't like to speak French because I'm afraid of making mistakes.“我怕摔进游泳池里。”也只能说I'm afraid of falling into the swimming-pool.
这两个短语含义不同,前者的含义是“害怕”,后接的名词是令人害怕或具有危险的事物; 而后者的含义是“替…担心”,后接的名词是令人担心或处于危险之中的事物。试比较以下两组例子:
I am afraid of that old man.
我害怕那老头儿。
I am afraid for that old man.
我替那老头儿担心。
She was afraid of the job.
她害怕那工作。
She was afraid for her job.
她害怕失去工作。
这两个词都是“害怕”的意思。它们的区别是:
1.afraid 是形容词, fear是动词(也可作名词)。be afraid of=fear, be afraid of v -ing = fear to- v 。例如:
There is nothing to fear〔to be afraid of〕.没有什么好怕的。
I fear offending him.〔I am afraid of offending him.〕我怕得罪他。
We are not afraid of difficulties.〔We fear no difficulty.〕我们不怕困难。
2.在非正式场合, be afraid (of)比fear常用得多。例如:
Are you afraid of the dark?天这么黑了,你害怕吗?
虽然Do you fear the dark?也是可以的,但是在口语里不大这么说。
词源记忆法
这个词相信大家都认识,但是我们还是扩展到另外一个很重要的中高考单词:frighten(v.惊骇,恐怖)和fright(n.惊骇,恐怖)。根据声音变化法则:afraid=fraid(元音变化可忽略)。又因为:fr=fr,rhg的发音为元音发音ai=fraid中的ai,d=t,所以afraid=fright=害怕。只是fright的害怕程度比afraid要大很多,afraid是害怕、担心;而fright是恐惧的那种害怕。
词组比较
1.be afraid to do sth与be afraid of doing sth:
前者指害怕(不敢)做某事,
而后者有两个意思:
一是表示害怕做某事(此时可be afraid to do sth互换),
二是表示担心会发生某情况(所担心的情况不一定会发生,此时不能与be afraid to do sth互换)。
2.Iˈm afraid not与Iˈm not afraid:前者为委婉的否定回答,意为“恐怕不…”;后者意为“我不怕”。
重要短语
afraid of害怕
i'm afraid我害怕;恐怕
If we let him look after the money, I'm afraid much of it will stick to his fingers.
如果把钱交由他保管, 恐怕大部分都要被他侵吞掉.
来源:《简明英汉词典》I'm afraid I must break this conversation short. I have to go now.
恐怕这次谈话只能到此为止, 现在我得走了.
来源:《简明英汉词典》She closed the door very quietly, as she was afraid of wakening her baby.
她害怕把小宝宝惊醒,所以关门的动作很轻.
来源:《简明英汉词典》"I'm afraid the name means nothing to me," he said. "That's not my department."
“恐怕这个名字对我来说毫无意义,”他说,“我对此并不熟悉。”
来源:《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》I'm afraid your order has caught us on the hop — the goods aren't available yet.
恐怕你的订单来得太突然,我们全无准备,目前尚无货源.
来源:《简明英汉词典》They didn't play volleyball near the window. They were afraid of breaking it.
他们没在窗子附近打排球, 他们怕把窗子打破了.
来源:《用法词典》I'm afraid that your leg will have to be operated on; there's no other way to stop the pain.
恐怕你的腿得做手术, 没有其他办法止痛.
来源:《简明英汉词典》单词帝 · 英语词汇
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